المقاولين,قاطع الدائرة,العاكس للطاقة الشمسية,عداد كهرباء,البطاريات الشمسية
These are critical components ensuring the safe and stable operation of power transmission systems, mainly classified into six core categories: Conductor and Ground Wire Systems, Insulators, Fittings, Tower and Foundation Accessories, Lightning Protection & Overvoltage Protection, and Cable Accessories. A structured breakdown is provided below:
- Conductor and Ground Wire Systems (Core Transmission Components)
| Fitting Type | الوظيفة الأساسية | النماذج المشتركة | المعلمات التقنية | Application Notes |
| Aluminum Conductor Steel Reinforced (ACSR) | Main power transmission, combining strength and conductivity | LGJ-300/40, LGJ-400/35, LGJ-500/45 | 220 kV lines typically use 2×300 mm² or 2×400 mm² bundled conductors; safety factor ≥ 2.5 | Corrosion-resistant types (على سبيل المثال, JL/G1A, JL/G2A) shall be selected per environment; high-strength ACSR for long spans |
| OPGW Optical Cable | Communication and line monitoring, doubles as ground wire | OPGW-24B1-80, OPGW-36B1-100 | Short‑circuit current withstand ≥ 25 kA/0.5 s; tensile strength ≥ 120 kN | Used with ground wires; splice closures must be waterproof and moisture‑proof; splicing loss ≤ 0.05 dB |
| Ordinary Ground Wire | Lightning protection, doubles as communication channel | JLB20A-80, JLB40-100 | Galvanized steel strand, cross‑section ≥ 70 مم² | Both ends must be reliably grounded; insulation clearance from phase conductors must be satisfied |
- Insulators (Core Insulation and Isolation)
220 kV line insulators fall into two main types: suspension insulators and post insulators.
Key parameters: dry arc distance ≥ 2020 مم, specific creepage distance ≥ 25 mm/kV (general areas)
| Material Type | النماذج المشتركة | Mechanical Load | سمات | Suitable Scenarios |
| Composite Insulator | FXBW4-220/160, FXBW4-220/210 | 160 kN, 210 kN | Light (≈ 1/3 of porcelain), pollution‑flash resistant, maintenance‑free | Polluted areas, high‑altitude areas, long‑span sections |
| Porcelain Insulator | XP-160, XP-210 | 160 kN, 210 kN | Low cost, mature and reliable | Ordinary clean areas, plain areas |
| Glass Insulator | LXHY-160, LXHY-210 | 160 kN, 210 kN | Self‑destructs at zero value, easy to inspect | Lines requiring frequent inspection |
| Post Insulator | ZSW-220/8, ZSW-220/10 | 8 kN, 10 kN | Supports busbars and equipment connections | Substation outlets, both sides of circuit breakers |
- Power Fittings (Key Connection and Fixing Components)
Divided by function into clamps, connecting fittings, splicing fittings, and protection fittings, all complying with GB/T 2314‑2008.
1) Clamps (Core Conductor Fixing)
| يكتب | النماذج المشتركة | Suitable Conductors | Grip Requirement | Application Location |
| Suspension Clamp | XGU-4, XGU-5 | LGJ-300~630 mm² | ≥ 12% of conductor breaking strength | Straight towers, allows small conductor movement |
| Tension Clamp | NY-300/40, NY-400/35 | LGJ-300~630 mm² | ≥ 95% of conductor breaking strength | Tension towers, terminal towers, full tension bearing |
| Jumper Clamp | TJ-4, TJ-5 | Jumper connections | Contact resistance ≤ 1.2 μΩ | Jumper connections on both sides of tension towers |
2) Connecting and Splicing Fittings
| يكتب | النماذج المشتركة | وظيفة | Technical Requirement |
| Socket Clevis | W-7A, W-10A | Connects insulator string to tower | Failure load ≥ 70 kN / 100 kN |
| Ball Eye | Q-7A, Q-10A | Connects insulator to fitting | Failure load ≥ 70 kN / 100 kN |
| Splicing Sleeve | JY-300/40, JY-400/35 | Conductor splicing | Resistance after crimping ≤ 1.1 × conductor resistance |
| Grading Ring | FJ-220 | Improves voltage distribution on insulators | Diameter 400–600 mm, installed at both ends of insulators |
3) Protection Fittings
| يكتب | النماذج المشتركة | وظيفة | Suitable Conditions |
| Vibration Damper | FD-4, FD-5 | Suppresses aeolian vibration | Lines with span > 120 م; installation spacing calculated |
| Spacer Damper | FG-4, FG-5 | Maintains bundled conductor spacing | 220 kV twin conductors, spacing 400 مم; 1 per 50–60 m |
| Corona Ring | FP-220 | Prevents corona discharge | High‑altitude, strong electric‑field areas |
- Tower and Foundation Accessories (Support Structure)
| Fitting Type | النماذج المشتركة | وظيفة | المعلمات التقنية |
| Cross Arm | HD220-1, HD220-2 | Mounts insulators and fittings | Q235/Q345 steel, hot‑dip galvanized for corrosion protection |
| Hoop Clamp | BG-16, BG-18 | Fixes cross arms, ladders | Matches tower diameter; bolt strength ≥ 8.8 |
| Anchor Bolt | M30~M64 | Fixes tower foundation | Grade 45 steel, anti‑corrosion treated; tensile strength ≥ 600 MPa |
| Climbing Ladder | PT-220 | Access for tower maintenance | Step spacing 300 مم; handrail diameter 20 مم; load capacity ≥ 100 كجم |
- Lightning Protection and Overvoltage Protection Accessories
| Fitting Type | النماذج المشتركة | وظيفة | المعلمات التقنية |
| Metal Oxide Arrester (MOA) | YH10WZ-204/532 | Limits lightning overvoltage | الجهد المقنن 204 كيلو فولت; residual voltage ≤ 532 كيلو فولت; discharge capacity 20 kA/2 ms |
| Grounding Device | – | Discharges lightning current | Horizontal electrode: φ12 mm round steel; vertical electrode: 50×50 mm angle steel, L = 2.5 م; grounding resistance ≤ 10 أوه |
| Line Fault Indicator | XJ-220 | Indicates short‑circuit/earth fault | Operating current: short‑circuit ≥ 100 أ, earth ≥ 5 أ; auto‑reset 1–24 h |
- Cable Accessories (For Cable Lines Only)
| Fitting Type | النماذج المشتركة | وظيفة | Suitable Conditions |
| Cable Termination | WTY-220/1×1200 | Connects cable to overhead line/equipment | Cross‑section 400–2500 mm²; lightning impulse withstand voltage ≥ 950 كيلو فولت |
| Joint | YJJJ-127/220 | Cable splicing | Waterproof rating IP68; operating temp −40~90 °C |
| Cross‑Bonding Grounding Box | NTJX-1 | Eliminates sheath induced voltage | 66–220 kV cables; equipped with sheath protector |
| Arrester Grounding Box | NTB-1 | Protects cable sheath | Built‑in MOA; rated voltage 20 كيلو فولت |
- Key Points for Selection and Application of 220 kV High‑Voltage Line Fittings
- مطابقة الجهد: Rated voltage of all fittings ≥ 252 كيلو فولت (max operating voltage of 220 kV system)
- Mechanical Strength: Safety factor ≥ 2.5 (conductors, fittings); ≥ 3.0 (العوازل)
- Environmental Adaptation:
Polluted areas: specific creepage distance ≥ 31 mm/kV; composite insulators preferred
Coastal areas: metal parts with hot‑dip galvanizing + passivation or 316L stainless steel for salt‑fog resistance
Cold areas: cold‑resistant materials (brittle temperature ≤ −40 °C); heavy‑duty vibration dampers
- مواصفات التثبيت:
Fitting contact surfaces: remove oxide film + apply conductive paste; contact resistance ≤ 1.2 μΩ
Insulator string: horizontal offset ≤ 150 مم; vertical deviation ≤ 50 مم
Conductor sag error ≤ ±5%; phase‑to‑phase sag difference ≤ 200 مم
- Main Brands and Alternative Models
| Fitting Category | Main Brands | النموذج الموصى به | النموذج البديل |
| Composite Insulator | Changyuan Gaoneng, Jinguan Electric | FXBW4-220/210 | FXBW-220/210 (Xi’an Porcelain) |
| Tension Clamp | China Electric Power Fittings Factory, Jiangsu Shenma | NY-400/35 | NLD-4 (bolt type, small section) |
| MOA | Xi’an XD, Henan Pinggao | YH10WZ-204/532 | YH10W-200/500 (general type) |
| Cable Termination | Taikai Cable, Changlan Electric | WTY-220/1×1200 | WTG-220 (dry termination) |
Selection of 220 kV high‑voltage line fittings must comprehensively consider voltage level, mechanical load, الظروف البيئية, and operational reliability. Key fittings shall pass State Grid Corporation qualification certification and comply with relevant GB and DL standards.
Below is a standardized bill of materials (BOM) for 220 kV overhead lines, directly usable for construction, quotation, and procurement, sorted by Straight Tower, Tension Tower, Terminal Tower + Cable Outlet.
Defaults:
الجهد االكهربى: 220 كيلو فولت (max operating voltage 252 كيلو فولت)
Conductor: twin‑bundle ACSR LGJ‑400/35 (most commonly used)
Insulator: composite insulator (pollution‑resistant, maintenance‑free, mainstream choice)
- Standard BOM for 220 kV Single‑Circuit Straight Tower
Per tower (3 phases, twin‑bundle per phase)
| غرض | اسم | Model/Spec | Unit | Qty | غاية |
| 1 | Composite Suspension Insulator String | FXBW4-220/160 | تعيين | 3 | Suspension for 3hase conductors |
| 2 | Twin undle Suspension Clamp | XGS-5 | تعيين | 6 | Suspension for 2 sub onductors per phase |
| 3 | Ball Eye | Q-10 | تعيين | 6 | Connect insulator to clamp |
| 4 | Socket Clevis | W-10 | تعيين | 6 | Connect insulator to cross arm |
| 5 | Twin undle Spacer | FG-400 (400 mm spacing) | pcs | As per span | Prevent galloping, maintain bundle spacing |
| 6 | Vibration Damper | FD-4 | تعيين | 12 | 2 sets per phase for aeolian vibration control |
| 7 | Grading Ring | FJ-220 | تعيين | 3 | Voltage grading at insulator ends, antiorona |
- Standard BOM for 220 kV Tension Tower (Angle / Junction)
Per tower (3 phases, twin‑bundle per phase)
| غرض | اسم | Model/Spec | Unit | Qty | غاية |
| 1 | Composite Tension Insulator String | FXBW4-220/210 | تعيين | 6 | 2 strings per phase (double suspension) |
| 2 | Twin‑Bundle Tension Clamp (crimp type) | NY-400/35 | تعيين | 6 | Fix tension end of conductor |
| 3 | Twin‑Bundle Yoke Plate | L-12 | pcs | 3 | Converge twin‑bundle conductors |
| 4 | Jumper Clamp | TJ-5 | تعيين | 6 | Jumper connection at tension tower |
| 5 | U‑Shackle | U-10 | تعيين | 12 | Connect insulator to tower/clamp |
| 6 | Right‑Angle Plate | Z-10 | تعيين | 12 | Directional connection |
| 7 | Grading & Corona Ring | FP-220 | تعيين | 6 | Voltage grading and anti‑corona for tension strings |
| 8 | Vibration Damper | FD-4 | تعيين | 12 | Vibration damping for jumpers/conductors |
- Fittings for 220 kV Terminal Tower → Substation Cable Outlet
Typical scheme: cable termination + arrester for GIS/main transformer connection
| غرض | اسم | Model/Spec | Unit | Qty | غاية |
| 1 | 220 kV Outdoor Cable Termination | WTY-220/1×630~1200 mm² | تعيين | 3 | Cable‑to‑overhead connection |
| 2 | Line MOA | YH10WZ-204/532 | مرحلة | 3 | Limit lightning/switching overvoltage |
| 3 | Equipment Clamp (compression type) | SY-400 | تعيين | 6 | Connect conductor to termination/arrester |
| 4 | Cable Fixing Fitting | 220 kV 3‑core/single‑core clamp | تعيين | several | Cable fixing on tower |
| 5 | Grounding Flat Steel / Electrode | −50×5 hot‑dip galvanized | م | per design | Grounding for arrester, cable sheath |
- General for Whole Line: Ground Wire & Lightning Grounding Accessories
Suitable for OPGW or ordinary ground wire
| غرض | اسم | Model/Spec | Unit | غاية |
| 1 | Ground Wire Suspension Clamp | XD-8 | تعيين | Straight suspension of ground wire |
| 2 | Ground Wire Tension Clamp | ND-8 | تعيين | Tension fixing of ground wire |
| 3 | Down Ground Lead | φ12 hot‑dip galvanized round steel | م | Tower grounding downlead |
| 4 | Vertical Ground Electrode | L50×50×5×2500 mm | pcs | Reduce grounding resistance |
| 5 | Grounding Clamp | JDX-8 | تعيين | Connect ground wire to grounding system |
